Students’ Learning Outcomes
· Identify the conditions necessary for germination.
· Predict what would happen to plant, if conditions necessary for germination are not fulfilled. Conduct an investigation to assess your prediction.
Information for Teachers
· Germination is the process in which a tiny plant (seedling) grows from the embryo of the seed.
· All seeds need air, water, appropriate temperature and soil nutrients to germinate.
· For seed germination, light is not essential in early stages but plays main role in later stages.
· Seeds absorb water and swell up. Seeds sprout after 3-5 days.
· The radical grows first and bursts through the seed coat, grows downward and makes the first root.
· Then plumule opens out and grows upward making the shoot.
· The cotyledons are actually modified leaves and provide food to the growing seedling.
· Most seeds grows at temperature range between 10-15 c.
Material / Resources
Bean and maize seeds, plastic cups, refrigerator, freezer, cotton wool, plastic sheet, textbook.
Worm up Activity
Ask students:
· Have you ever seen the seed, sown in soil?
· Which thing you provide for its germination?
· Write students’ responses on board and inform them about today’s lesson i. e. germination of seeds and the conditions required for germination.Development
Activity 1
· Soak bean / maize seeds in water for overnight. Sow the seeds in soil in a transparent plastic cup. Place the seeds along with the wall of cup so that these are visible from outside. Sprinkle small amount of water on soil and place the cup in classroom window in sunlight.
· After three days, when seeds have germinated, bring the plastic cup with seedling in front of students. Ask them to observe the seedlings.
· Explain the process of germination by making line-drawing on the board.
· Help students to make chart on “seed germination”.
Activity 2
· Guide the students to explore the necessity of air for seed germination,through following activity:
Take two plastic cups and place cotton wool pads at the bottoms.
Put dry pea seeds on cotton pad in the cup 1. Put some soaked pea seeds on cotton pad in the cup
Add enough water to cup 2 to dip cotton (but don’t cover the seeds). Don’t add any waterto cup 1.
place both cups with plastic sheet having holes.
Place both cups in light for 3-5 days.
· Ask the students to note their observations in the following table:
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Observations after 3 – 5 days
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Cup 1 :
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Cup 2:
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Activity 3
· Guide the students to explore the necessity of air for seed germination, through following
activity:
——Take two plastic cups and place cotton wool pads at the bottoms.
——Place soaked pea seeds on the cotton pads in each cup.
——Add enough water to both cups to dip the cotton (but don’t cover the seeds)
——Add cooking oil to cover the seeds in the cup 1.
——Cover both cups with plastic sheets. Make holes in the plastic sheet of the cup 2 using a
needle. Don’t make holes in the sheet of cup 1.
——Place both cups in light for 3 – 5 days.
· Ask the students to note their observations in the following table:
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Observations after 3 – 5 days
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Cup 1:
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Cup 2:
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Activity 4
· Guide the students to explore the necessity of appropriate temperature for seed germination, through following activity:
—-take three plastic cups and label them as A, B and C.
—–Place cotton wool pads at the bottoms.
——Add water in the cups like the previous activities and cover them with plastic sheets with
holes.
——Place cup 1 in freezer (at -18C), cup B in refrigerator (at 4C), and cup C in cupboard
(at 25-30C).
· Ask the students to note their observations in the form of a table:
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Observations
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Cup A:
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Cup B:
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Cup C:
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· Ask them to draw conclusion about the necessity of appropriate temperature for seed germination.
Sum up / Conclusion
· Germination is the process in which a tiny plant (seedling0 grows from the embryo of the seed.
· During germination, seed absorbs water and swells up. The radical of seed grows downward and makes the first root. Then plumule grows upward and makes the shoot.
· All seeds need air, water, appropriate temperature and soil nutrients to germinate.
Assessment
· Ask the following questions to the students:
—–What will happen to dry, hard beans when they are put in a plastic bag with a moist
paper towel?
——what is the first change in maize seed during germination?
——-Which part of the plant emerges first from seeds?
· Involve the students in solving the questions given at the end of chapter / unit in textbook.
Follow up
· Guide the students to plan and perform an activity to find the necessity of light for seed germination.
· Ask them to develop the charts of the steps of seed germination:
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