LESSON PLAN OF STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION OF SENTENCES
Sentences can be divided into four classes from structural point of view. Let us discuss them in detail:
1. 1. Simple Sentences:
A simple sentence contains only one subject and one predicate (finite verb). For example:
i. I attended the function.
ii. They write letter.
iii. The students have done their homework.
iv. The sun rises in the East.
v. Man is a social animal.
vi. Brevity is the soul of wit.
Note- Subject and Predicate may consist of only one word or more than one word. For example:
1. Birds chirp
(S) (P)
2. The birds of my brother chirp very sweetly in the morning
( S ) ( P )
B. Subject Word and Enlargement of The Subject:
when the subject comprises more than one word, there is a word more important than others. it is called Subject or subject word. Other words are called enlargement of the subject. for example: the word “birds” in the sentence ” The birds of my brother” is most important. it is Subject word or Subject but the rest of words are “Enlargement of the subject”.
Note- In order to trace the Subject of a sentence “who or what” is placed before the verb and the answer is traced. that answer is the subject.
Sentence: That young boy has attempted the paper.
Question: Who has attempted the paper?
Answer: That young boy has attempted the paper.
Boy is the Subject word and That young is a Enlargement of the Subject .
C. Finite Verb:
The most important word in the predicate of a sentence is its verb which is singular or plural according to the subject. this is the essence of the sentence. so, a sentence can`t be framed with out a verb.
D. Object word and Enlargement of the Object:
A verb is Transitive if the action does not stop with the agent, but passes from the agent to something else.
A verb is Intransitive when the action stops with the agent, and does not pass from the agent to something else.
1. if “Object” is consist of more than one words. for example: ‘I write very fine letter’. then one of them is very important, so if the “Letter” is important then remaining words like “very fine” is unnecessary, so such types of words are “Enlargement of the Object”.
2. He could not appear in the mid-term examination last year. In this sentence “Could not appear” is “Finite verb” and “Examination” is “Object-word” then “In the mid-term” are the ‘Enlargement of the Object’.
2. Compound Sentences:
It contains two or more independent clauses or coordinating clauses joined by coordinating conjunctions like and, or, as well as, either….or, neither….nor.
A compound sentence is a sentence that consists of two or more than two independent clauses which was joined by a comma, semicolon or conjunction like and, or, as well as, either…or, neither… nor. An independent clause is a clause that has a subject and verb and forms a complete thought and these are simple sentences. An example of a compound sentence is ‘I am happy however, you are sad or I am happy while you are sad. In these sentences two simple sentences are joined by ‘however’ and ‘wile’. so such types of sentences are called compound sentences.
3. Complex Sentences:
It contains one principal clause and one or more subordinate clause or clauses.
A complex sentence is a sentence that contains an independent sentence and one or more dependent sentences. An independent sentence can be independent as a sentence, but a dependent sentence cannot be independent even if it has a subject and a verb.
A complex sentence has an independent sentence and a dependent sentence. The dependent clause begins with secondary conjunctions, for example after, but, because, before, but, if, since then, then, never, when, while, when. So here are some examples of complex sentences as under:
1. He knows that he is a student.
2. The hat which is worn out is yours.
3. If he comes here, I shall help him
4. He came first, therefor he got good seat.
5. She loved flowers and I always bought her flower, however, she did n`t like to get them.
6. I will register new candidates as soon as possible and start working.
4. Compound Complex Sentences:
They have more than one main clause and at least one subordinate clauses. for example:
1. I met Rehan and we decided to use my car because his was unreliable.
2. He ran over to Fatima, who was sitting at the end of the bench and snatched her purse.
