Lesson Plan of Trigraphs and Silent Letters
English Grade V
Students’ Learning Outcomes
· Articulate and syllabify words containing digraphs, trigraphs and silent letters.
Information for Teachers
· This lesson focuses on trigraphs and silent letters. All words will be syllabified.
· A trigraphs is comprised of three letters that makes one sound. Such as in the word ‘match’ the three letters ‘tch’ at the end make only one sound.
· A trigraph is a phoneme which consists of three letters: e.g. tch in catch; thr in thread; spr in spread; ear in fear, etc.
· Some common trigraphs are nth, sch, scr, shr, spl, spr, squ, str, thr.
· You can’t teach all these trigraphs in this lesson.
· You must practice words with digraphs and trigraphs throughout the year in different lessons, whenever new words are taught.
TRIGRAPHS
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Sch
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Scr
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Shr
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Sph
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Spl
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Spr
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Squ
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Str
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Thr
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Schedule
Scheme
Scholar
Scholarship
School
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Scrapbook
Scratch
Screen
Scream
Scribble
Script
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Shred
Shriek
Shrill
Shrine
Shrank
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Sphere
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Splash
Splendid
Split
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Sprang
Spray
Spread
Spring
Sprinkle
Sprite
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Square
Squash
Squeak
Squeeze
Squirrel
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Straight
Strange
Strap
Straw
Strawberry
Stream
Street
Strength
String
Strong
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Thread
Threat
Three
Threw
Thrice
Thrill
Throat
Throne
Through
Throw
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· Silent letters are the letters in the words that are not pronounced but appear in the spellings. They make no difference to the sound.
· Silent ABC list and Digraphs/Trigraphs list:
A is silent in head, bread and deaf.
B stays quiet in lamb, bomb, climb, comb, thumb, tomb, crumb, doubt
C is not said when saying muscle, scissors, hander kerchief, sandwich, scene and scent
D is silent in Wednesday, hander kerchief, sandwich handsome, landscape, and grandson
E is silent in pirate, more, have, give, and serve, bridge, more, careful, hope, fate
Only one f sound is made when saying stiff, cuff, sniff
G is silent in straight, light, high, height, thought
H is silent in honor, heir, night, hour, hurrah, and exhibition
I is silent in business, fashion and cushion
K is silent in know, knee, knock, knot, knife
L is silent in talk, almond, calf, half, yolk, chalk, calm, talk
M is silent in Mnemonic (read it like this ‘ne-mon-ik’. It means learning spellings with tricks)
N is silent in autumn, column
O is silent in leopard
P is silent in cupboard, receipt, pneumonia, psychology
Only one R is pronounced when saying diarrhea (say it like this: dai-ri-ah)
S is silent in island
T is silent in often, fasten, listen, and castle
U is silent in build, guest, guitar, tongue, guide, dialogue
W is silent in whole, write, sword, answer, two, wrist
Y is silent in prayer, player
Only Z is pronounced when saying buzz
· Syllables are the smallest unit of sounds with one vowel sound in it. Students have learnt this concept in previous classes
· The lesson must reinforce the concepts learnt earlier.
Material / Resources
Chalk/ marker, board, duster, flashcards or illustrated chart of words having trigraphs in the initial, middle and final positions, colored chalks
Worm up activity
· Ask students about the definitions and examples of graphs, digraphs, trigraphs and silent letters.
· Give students some words to pronounce which have silent letters in them such as know, knife, knight, write, yacht, wrong, whistle, often
Development
Activity 1
· Make flashcards of the following pictures or draw them on the board
· Ask the students to name the pictures.
Knight
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Sign
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Hour
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Foreign
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· Write the words given in brackets on the board. (screen, splash, chick, spread, straight, thread, chair, school)
Screen
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Splash
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Chick
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Thread
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Spread
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School
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Straight
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Chair
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Write
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· Call students one by one to the board to identify, by understanding the trigraphs in initial and final positions
· Students must correct if any one makes a mistake.
· Appreciate the students who give correct answers.
· Ask students one by one to pronounce the words correctly.
· Practice this with all words and maximum students.
· You must encourage weak students to participate.
· You can add more words containing trigraphs.
· Make sure that the students are familiar with the words you choose.
Activity 2
Thumb
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Know
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Listen
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Column
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Foreigner
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Often
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Honest
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Autumn
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lamb
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Castle
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Column
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Knife
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· Ask the students to identify the silent letter in each word given in the box below.
· Students make groups of words in their notebooks, as shown below (first one has been done as an example for understanding)
Silent ‘k’: knight ______________
Silent ‘n’: ______________
Silent ‘b’: _______________
Silent‘t’: _______________
Silent ‘h’: _______________
Silent ‘g’: _______________
· You can also provide the silent ABC list to all students to learn spellings of words and to enhance students’ vocabulary.
Activity 3
· Now ask the students to tell how many syllables each word has.
· Do this practice on the board for each word one by one.
· Students copy the words in their notebooks with proper syllable marking.
· Al students practice the correct pronunciation of words with their partner.
Sum up / Conclusion
· Ask for examples of the concepts learnt.
Assessment
· Assess students’ understanding during responses and activities.
· Provide support when needed.
· Assess students through written work.
Follow up
· Learn spellings of all the words with trigraphs and silent letters learnt in the lesson.
· Make sentences of the words in activity 2.
· You must have dictation of the words often to ensure learning.